There are over 12,000 different species of ants in the world. Each species has its own set of unique characteristics, but all types of ants share many common characteristics between them. When it comes to ant behavior, these pests are quite fascinating to learn about. Their social hierarchy and the way they communicate with each other make them extremely smart insects with highly organized family structures.
Ants form colonies that are made
up of several different groups. There is typically one queen per colony,
although some ant species have several queens per colony. The queen’s job is to
reproduce. The males in the colony also have the job of reproduction, but
unlike the queen, they die shortly after mating. If the queen dies in a colony
with several queens, the other queens continue to work. If the queen dies in a
colony with only one queen, some ant colonies have other female reproductive
members that can continue the breeding cycle, but none of their offspring will
have reproductive capabilities.
In addition to the queens and
males, the rest of the ants in the colony are female worker ants. The worker
ants have a variety of jobs that include staying in the nest to take care of
the young, removing trash from the nest and tunnels, defending the colony from
predators and intruders, and foraging for food for the colony. Young ants
typically start out working in the nest, but their jobs may change as they get
older, allowing them to move farther from the nest as they take on jobs such as
foraging.
Ant colonies can be made up of a
small number of ants or can grow into millions of members. Regardless of how
small or big, an ant colony is highly organized and unified in purpose. All ants
work together for the betterment of the colony as a whole. They do this in part
by being able to communicate well with each other.
Ant communication is primarily
done through the release of pheromones. Different pheromones give off different
scents, each containing their own unique messages. An ant can communicate that
they’ve found a good food source or that there is a potential danger ahead all
through the release of pheromones. They can also communicate through touch and
vibrations.
Although ants get along extremely
well with the members of their own colony, it’s often a different story with
other colonies. Ants can be very aggressive towards ants that don’t belong to
their own family group. However, in some instances, different ant colonies will
join together to form a “supercolony” made up of more than one colony. These ants
will typically retain their own nests but will work together with the other
colonies instead of fighting with each other.
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